Key spelling rule: The letter e at the end of the root word is dropped before adding -ing, -ed, -er, -est, -y and any other suffix beginning with a vowel. eg. close –> closest

close
hike
late
nice
ride
ripe
rude
safe
shine
slime
wise

Key spelling rule: The last consonant letter of the root word is doubled to keep the vowel sound short. eg. big –> bigger
Exception: The letter x is never doubled.

big
dim
fat
fit
fun
hot
red
run
sad
slim
sun
trim

Common exception words list 1

again
busy
Christmas
cold
eye
fast
father
old
parents
poor
pretty
wild